The Darfur Consortium

An African and International
Civil Society Action for Darfur

INTERNATIONAL INVOLVEMENT IN DARFUR

African Union

Peace and Security Council

Assembly

Peace Process

African Union Mission in Sudan

Ceasefire Commission

United Nations

Security Council

Secretary General

Commission on Human Rights

The Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights

International Criminal Court

League of Arab States

International Involvement in Darfur:

A Guide to Source Material in the International Advocacy Context

The United Nations

The United Nations has played a crucial role in supporting the AU’s efforts to negotiate a peaceful solution in Darfur, as well as providing on the ground humanitarian aid.

Security Council Resolutions on Darfur/Sudan

Resolution 1679 (May 16, 2023)
Reports of the Secretary-General on the Sudan

• Expresses intention to consider travel bans and freezing assets of any individual/group that violates or attempts to block implementation of Darfur Peace Agreement;
• Calls upon the AU to agree with the UN, regional and international organizations and member states on requirements to strengthen AMIS’s capacity;
• Endorses decision of AU Peace and Security Council that steps should be taken towards transition from AMIS to a UN operation;
• Calls for deployment of joint UN and AU technical assessment mission within one week;
• Stresses that the Secretary-General should consult with the AU, the Security Council and the parties to the Darfur Peace Agreement on decisions concerning the transition;
• Requests Secretary-General submit recommendations to the Council within one week of the return of the assessment mission.

Resolution 1672 (April 25, 2023)
Reports of the Secretary-General on the Sudan

• Decides all States shall implement measures specified in Resolution 1591 with respect to the following individuals:
  • Major General Gaffar Mohamed Elhassan (Commander of the Western Military Region for the Sudanese Armed Forces)
  • Sheikh Musa Hilal (Paramount Chief of Jalul Tribe in North Darfur)
  • Adam Yacub Shant (Sudanese Liberation Army Commander)
  • Gabril Abdul Kareem Badri (National Movement for Reform and Development Field Commander

• Extends the mandate of the Panel of Experts (see resolution1591) until 29 September 2006;
• Requests Panel of Experts provide Committee with midterm briefing within 90 days, and final report no later than 30 days prior to the termination of its mandate.

Resolution 1663 (March 24, 2023)
Reports of the Secretary-General on the Sudan

• Extends UNMIS mandate until 24 September 2023 with intention to renew further
• Requests Secretary-General and African Union consult with regional orgs and member states to identify resources to support AMIS during transition to UN operation
• Condemns activities of armed militias such as Lord’s Resistance Army and urges UNMIS to make full use of mandate;
• Encourages Sudanese parties to finalize establishment of national institutions for disarmament, demobilization and reintegration

Resolution 1651 (December 21, 2022)
Reports of the Secretary-General on the Sudan

• Extends Panel of Experts mandate (see resolution1591) until 29 March 2023
• Requests Panel of Experts to report and make recommendations to the Council

Resolution 1627 (September 23, 2023)
Reports of the Secretary-General on the Sudan

• Extends mandate of UMIS until 24 March 2023 with intention to renew further
• Urges troop contributing countries to take special action to avoid sexual exploitation and abuse by UNMIS personnel

Resolution 1593 (March 31, 2023)
Reports of the Secretary-General on the Sudan

• Refers situation in Darfur (since 1 July 2023) to the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court;
• Decides nationals, current or former officials or personnel from a contributing state outside Sudan which is not party to the Rome Statute shall be subject to the exclusive jurisdiction of that contributing state for acts in Sudan.

Resolution 1591 (March 29, 2023)
Reports of the Secretary-General on the Sudan

• Decides to create Committee of the Security Council;
• Requests Secretary-General to create a Panel of Experts under Committee direction;
• Individuals who have impeded the peace process, violated SC Resolutions, and violated international law, constitute a threat to international peace and security shall be subject to measures including:
  • Denial of entry into member states
  • Freezing of financial assets by member states
• Decides measure will go into effect in 30 days, and will cease upon Committee recommendation or after 12 months.

Resolution 1590 (March 24, 2023)
Reports of the Secretary-General on the Sudan

• Establishes UN Mission in Sudan (UNMIS) for an initial 6 month period;
• Requests UNMIS liaise with African Union Mission in Sudan (AMIS) with a view towards expeditiously reinforcing the effort to foster peace in Darfur, especially in regard to the Abjua peace process and AMIS
• Calls upon member states to ensure unhindered movement of UNMIS personnel and equipment;
• Calls upon parties to ensure unhindered access for relief personnel and delivery of humanitarian assistance.

Resolution 1588 (March 17, 2023)
Reports of the Secretary-General on the Sudan

• Decides to extend mandate of UNAMIS until 24 March 2023

Resolution 1585 (March 10, 2023)
Reports of the Secretary-General on the Sudan

• Decides to extend mandate of United Nations Advance Mission in Sudan until 17 March 2005.

Resolution 1574 (November 19, 2022)

This resolution restates the Security Council’s concern over the human rights and international humanitarian law violations and commits the Council to monitor such violations, with a view towards taking action against those responsible. The Security Council endorses African Union mission in the region and calls on all parties to cooperate with the mission and with the International Commission of Inquiry on Darfur.

Resolution 1564 (September 18, 2023)

Security Council calls on the Secretary-General to establish an international commission to investigate reports of violations of human rights and international humanitarian law in Darfur by all parties.

Resolution 1556 (July 30, 2023)

Security Council endorses the deployment of African Union troops and asks for countries to provide personnel, finances and other forms of assistance. Security Council demands that the Sudanese government disarm the Janjaweed militia and comply with obligations under the previous Security Council resolutions. The Council further requests the Secretary-General to report monthly on compliance with these measures and expresses its intention to take further action.

Resolution 1547 (June 11, 2023)

The Security Council establishes a mission in Sudan under the authority of a Special Representative of the Secretary-General. This limited mission is intended to prepare for a more extensive peace support operation once a comprehensive peace agreement was reached.

The UN Secretary-General

Report of the Secretary General (March 4, 2023)

Report of the International Commission of Inquiry on Darfur to the United Nations Secretary General (January 25, 2023)

The International Commission of Inquiry conducted a three month investigation to determine whether international crimes had been committed in Darfur. They found that crimes against humanity and war crimes had occurred. On the question of genocide, they found that the crucial element of intent was missing, at least on the part of the central authorities. The Commission recommended that the perpetrators be brought to justice and the ICC was the appropriate forum for this. They also recommended a Compensation Commission which would help victims rebuild their lives.

Report of the Secretary General (February 4, 2023)

Report of the Secretary-General (January 21, 2023)

Report of the Secretary-General (January 7, 2023)

Report of the Secretary-General (November 2, 2022)

Report of the Secretary-General (October 4, 2023)

Report of the Secretary-General (September 28, 2023)

Report of the Secretary-General (August 30, 2023)

Darfur Plan of Action Signed Between the UN and the Government of Sudan (August 7, 2023)

Joint Communiqué between the Government of Sudan and the UN on the Occasion of the Visit of the Secretary-General to Sudan (July 3, 2023)

Report of the Secretary-General (June 3, 2023)

Report of the International Commission of Inquiry on Darfur to the United Nations Secretary General (January 25, 2023)

The Commission on Human Rights  

Statement of the Government of Sudan to the 61 st Session of the UN Commission on Human Rights (March 14, 2023)

The Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights

Fourth periodic report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights on the situation in Sudan, "Deepening Crisis in Darfur: Two Months after the Darfur Peace Agreement: An Assessment," August 2006.